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1. How do we know that the image is not a painting?
1.The shroud image has the quality of a photographic negative.
a. The following image is a black and white photo of the face of the man of the shroud. It is the only image that anyone ever saw until 1898 when the first photograph of the shroud was taken (picture of the face)
© 1978, Vernon Miller
b. After Secondo Pia, an Italian photographer, took the first photo of the shroud he took his large negative plate to his dark room. As he developed the negative plate, he saw a much clearer image of a man (click photo).
© 1978, Vernon Miller
c. He was amazed at what he saw but did not understand what had happened. After some thought, Pia realized that the original image on the shroud (click photo) was the negative and the clearer image on his negative plate was the positive image.
© 1978, Vernon Miller
d. The question is, how could a negative image get onto an ancient cloth when photography was only invented in the nineteenth century? No one to this day has answered this question.
Note: The shroud image has photographic negative qualities but it is not a photograph. Photographs have sharp edges and the shroud image has tapered edges. Photographs are two dimensional, and the shroud image has three-dimensional qualities.
2. The microscopic structure of the image fibers tells us that this is not a painting. The microscopic study of the shroud image fibers at 64x magnification over the nose demonstrates that there is no debris on or in between the fibers, as you would find with paint.
Picture of shroud image at 64X magnification over the nose
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© 1978, Vernon Miller
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3. The microscopic study at a blood area over the chest wound at 32X magnification demonstrates that there is debris in between the fibers.
Picture of 32X magnification over the chest wound
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© 1978, Vernon Miller
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a. At the microscopic level, we see that the blood marks were entirely different from the areas over the image.
b. What looks like blood on the shroud has been chemically tested and shown to be blood.
c. The blood soaks all the way through to the back of the cloth.
d. On removing the blood from the blood-covered fibers, it was discovered, instead of yellow fibers as they are in the image areas, the fibers were white. This means that the blood went onto the cloth before the image, and that the blood protected the fibers from whatever caused the image.
4. The following photograph of the shroud was taken with a strong light coming through from the back of the cloth. This picture visually summarizes all of the above. The blood marks that have soaked into the cloth are easily seen as the light passes through the shroud. However the image is not seen at all because the fibers that are responsible for the image are only one fiber deep and the diameter of each fiber is less than half of the diameter of the hairs on your head. Modern image technology has still not caught up to the technology that created this complex image on linen.
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© 1978, Vernon Miller
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For more information on the scientific study of the image and blood on the shroud and the scientific references, read Resurrected, chapter 3. Much of the work done on the chemistry of the blood and image fibers occurred through the effort of Alan Adler, Ph.D., a professor of chemistry from Western Connecticut State University. This website is dedicated to his memory.
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